**1. Reward & Punishment Superresponse**
- **Bias:** Incentives drive behavior—often irrationally.
- **Counter:** Align incentives with long-term goals; audit for hidden rewards.
**2. Liking/Loving Tendency**
- **Bias:** Favor people/things we like.
- **Counter:** Separate facts from feelings; use objective checklists.
**3. Disliking/Hating Tendency**
- **Bias:** Reject ideas from those we dislike.
- **Counter:** Ask: “Would I agree if someone else said this?”
**4. Doubt-Avoidance**
- **Bias:** Rush to certainty under stress.
- **Counter:** Pause decisions; seek multiple perspectives.
**5. Inconsistency-Avoidance**
- **Bias:** Resist changing beliefs.
- **Counter:** Embrace “I might be wrong”; review assumptions regularly.
**6. Curiosity Tendency**
- **Bias:** Overexplore irrelevant info.
- **Counter:** Focus curiosity on decision-critical data.
**7. Kantian Fairness**
- **Bias:** Desire for fairness—even irrationally.
- **Counter:** Ask if fairness aligns with reality and goals.
**8. Envy/Jealousy**
- **Bias:** Compare and resent others.
- **Counter:** Shift focus to personal progress; gratitude practice.
**9. Reciprocation**
- **Bias:** Feel obligated to return favors.
- **Counter:** Delay response; evaluate if reciprocation is rational.
**10. Influence-from-Mere-Association**
- **Bias:** Judge by association, not merit.
- **Counter:** Separate person/product from context.
**11. Simple, Pain-Avoiding Psychological Denial**
- **Bias:** Reject unpleasant truths.
- **Counter:** Face facts early; use “pre-mortem” analysis.
**12. Excessive Self-Regard**
- **Bias:** Overestimate own abilities.
- **Counter:** Seek honest feedback; track prediction accuracy.
**13. Over-Optimism**
- **Bias:** Assume best-case outcomes.
- **Counter:** Stress-test plans; consider worst-case scenarios.
**14. Deprival Superreaction**
- **Bias:** Overreact to loss.
- **Counter:** Frame decisions on future gains, not sunk costs.
**15. Social-Proof**
- **Bias:** Follow the crowd.
- **Counter:** Ask: “Would I do this if alone?”; look for contrarian evidence.
**16. Contrast-Misreaction**
- **Bias:** Misjudge value based on comparison.
- **Counter:** Use absolute metrics; ignore irrelevant anchors.
**17. Stress-Influence**
- **Bias:** Poor decisions under pressure.
- **Counter:** Slow down; use checklists during stress.
**18. Availability-Misweighting**
- **Bias:** Overvalue vivid/recent info.
- **Counter:** Base decisions on data, not anecdotes.
**19. Use-It-or-Lose-It**
- **Bias:** Skills decay without practice.
- **Counter:** Schedule regular review and application.
**20. Drug-Misinfluence**
- **Bias:** Substances distort judgment.
- **Counter:** Avoid decision-making under influence.
**21. Senescence-Misinfluence**
- **Bias:** Aging affects cognition.
- **Counter:** Delegate complex tasks; use structured processes.
**22. Authority-Misinfluence**
- **Bias:** Blindly follow authority.
- **Counter:** Ask: “What’s the evidence?”; verify independently.
**23. Twaddle Tendency**
- **Bias:** Engage in meaningless talk.
- **Counter:** Prioritize substance; ask “What’s the point?”
**24. Reason-Respecting**
- **Bias:** Accept weak reasons if any reason is given.
- **Counter:** Demand strong logic; ignore filler explanations.
**25. Lollapalooza Effect**
- **Bias:** Multiple biases combine explosively.
- **Counter:** Watch for clusters; apply inversion (“How could this fail?”).
Source: [The Psychology of Human Misjudgment, by Charlie Munger](https://fs.blog/great-talks/psychology-human-misjudgment/)